Malkom Knowles Asumptions
Introduction: Knowles model of andragogy is based on five assumptions. The first of these assumptions is that learners move from, "being dependent personalities As adults mature in their educational lifetime, most of the time, they do not need to be 'spoon-fed' directions on how to work assignments. They would rather a professor give them the assignment, then have the freedom to work the assignment the way they wish to want it be completed
Knowles’ 5 Assumptions Of Adult LearnersIn 1980, Knowles made 4 assumptions about the characteristics of adult learners (andragogy) that are different from the assumptions about child learners (pedagogy). In 1984, Knowles added the 5th assumption.
- Self-concept
As a person matures his/her self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being - Adult Learner Experience
As a person matures he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasing resource for learning. - Readiness to Learn
As a person matures his/her readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to the developmental tasks of his/her social roles. - Orientation to Learning
As a person matures his/her time perspective changes from one of postponed application of knowledge to immediacy of application, and accordingly his/her orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject- centeredness to one of problem centeredness. - Motivation to Learn
As a person matures the motivation to learn is internal (Knowles 1984:12).
Conclusion: Adults register for an advanced because they want to be challenged. However, a youth may go to a class because their parents promised to buy them something if they took the course, instead of the "regular" class. Knowless created this assumptions to uderstand learners reasons to learn.